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Transcript

Hello welcome. I hope you are enjoying the course with me. And I assure you that after completion of this course, you will start look the food beyond the basic nutrition only. Let’s start with the new lecture, that is role of functional compounds and bio-active compounds and their role in health promotion. First important aspect is the dietary fibers that soluble and insoluble form. The examples are

• beta-glucan
• gums
• pectin, and
• mucilage

They are the water soluble dietary fibers.

• lignin
• cellulose and
• hemi-cellulose

they are the water insoluble. They perform the different functions. How they perform the different functions? How they act? And how they cause benefit to the human beings. Like they entrap the harmful toxins and carcinogens that cause cancer in the digestive tract. They are also known for their good water retention capacity, gelling ability and hydro-colloidal forming properties, which have influenced their use as a substitute of fat. They can be used as a fat substitute also. Now in insoluble dietary fibers, they cannot be dissolved in water as the name suggests. And they are effective in adding faecal bulk, and increasing the rate of passage of food through the intestinal tract.

Now what are anti-oxidants and how they works. What is their role? What role they plays for the health benefit? Anti-oxidants, how we will define. Anti-oxidants are group of compounds, which neutralize free radicals. Free radicals are harmful to us and reactive oxygen species, that is ROS in the cell. And various functions that are performed by anti-oxidants. They include the regulation of redox potential within the cell. And reduction of potential initiators of the cell death and carcinogens. They increase the cell permeability and cause the cell death and remove the carcinogens or delay the carcinogenesis. Now what different diseases or damages are caused by the reactive oxygen species, that is ROS; that we have told earlier. Like reactive oxygen species, they are very harmful and responsible for causing many serious diseases like diabetes, infections, inflammation. And inflammation leads to form, take the other form of cancers and the other problem like arthritis and inflammation and ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, radioactive damage, shock and increase; fasten the ageing process and arthritis also. They cause arthritis also. So they are very harmful and damage to the human beings.

Now come to the free radicals. The term this free radicals is also coming again and again. Free radicals are produced, free radicals are generated. Then what are these free radicals. And how they are important or how they are like damaging the body cells. Let’s see what are the free radicals. Free radicals can be formed in lipids also; protein and carbohydrates. Actually free radical is a carbon or oxygen atom that has an unpaired electron and is highly charged. And this unpaired electron is very unstable. Here we can see that these are the free radicals. And they are found in the proteins, vitamins and the carbohydrates. And these free radicals, they act on the body cells and cause damage to the body cells. Then which kind of the damage they cause. Like the damage which is related to skin, it may cause wrinkles, and arthritis that is related to the joints. In case of heart diseases, brain related to the it cause the Alzheimers disease. And they destroy the DNA which leads to the cancer.

Now probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics are generally believed to be protect us, like working in 2 different ways. First role that they play in our digestive tract. Means they enhance the good bacteria or they enhance our micro-biota of the digestive system, that we are talking about the good microbes. And these good microbes, they inhibit the growth or entry of the pathogens that cause diseases. The second major benefit of the probiotic is that, they boost our immune system. Omega-3 fatty acids and their health benefits. Lots of researches has been done related to it and the omega-3 oils, they have a very proven health benefit. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are of great importance because of the prevention as well as the treatment of the coronary heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and another kind of some inflammation, auto-immune diseases; like ankylosing spondylitis, mental health, cancers. And they are also important for maintenance and development of normal growth, especially for the brain and retina. Omega-3 fatty acids are very important for the development of the brain and retina. And lots of research has been proven to this effect.

Then the different, this omega-3 fatty acids, or they are available in different forms. Like triacylglycerons or tryglyceron concentrates. Then ethyl esters or its concentrates. EPA and DHA, phospholipids, calcium and magnesium salts, chromium in DHA complex form, phytosterol, DHA ester, and epigallocatechin, that is EGCG-DHA ester. Then the phenolic and poly-phenolic compounds. How they works to prevent the different problems or different diseases. Like they remove the ROS, that is reactive oxygen species; earlier we have discussed, of the cell and they also works as a anti-oxidant. They affect the cell differentiation. They increase the activity of carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These enzymes, they detoxify the carcinogens, which cause cancer. They also block the formation of N-nitrosamines, that is harmful. They also alter the estrogen metabolism, also increase the apoptosis; that is the death of the cancer cells because of the cell permeability, and thus decrease the cell proliferation.

And these poly-phenolic compounds they also affect DNA methylation and maintain the DNA repair. And thus they are also preserving or important in preserving the integrity of the intra-cellular matrices. So this is all about the role of bio-active compounds. What are the free radicals? How these free radicals generated. And what the roles of the anti-oxidants in this free radicals. Obviously the anti-oxidants they neutralize the free radicals that are harmful.

Thank You.