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Transcript

Hello welcome back. I hope you are enjoying the course with me. Let’s start with the another lecture based on role of probiotics in disease prevention. Probiotics has many role in disease prevention. They protect from cancer, hepatic disease, helicobacter pylori infections, GIT infections. Also useful in pregnancy and anti-biotic associated diarrhea. Let’s see what happened here with antibiotic associated diarrhea. Like if somebody have any disease, then the physician or doctor recommends antibiotic course, and after taking that antibiotic course, our gut microbiota got disturbed. And if the gut microbiota got disturbed then the infection chances will increase. The clostridium that is a pathogen. Their population will dominate and cause diarrhea. During antibiotic treatment gut microbiota it will get disturbed and population of the clostridium will be there and produces toxins, and it will leads to diarrhea.

Here you can see that if probiotics are there added in the diet, it will be helpful to maintain the microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tract. There is a case study regarding the traveler’s diarrhea. And it is a clinical study which is a mixture of lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium bifidum taken to prevent the severity of the traveler’s diarrhea. And it has been found that no adverse serious reaction to the probiotics were reported in these trials, when we are using bifidobacterium bifidum and lactobacillus acidophilus. And you can see that it is clinically also proved that these both microbes like bifido bacterium and lactobacillus they are useful.

Now we will discuss the role of probiotics in cancer prevention. How the probiotic helps to prevent the cancer. In the small intestine the enzymes that are present like glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and azoreductase, nitroductase. These enzymes are responsible for the formation of the pre-carcinogens. It doesn’t happen in only one day. Cancer doesn’t take place in only one day. Like these enzymes they will lead to the production of the pre-carcinogens. Then if we introduce probiotics in the right amount, right doses; these pre-carcinogens are not able to convert to the active carcinogens. Means here the probiotics, they are stopping their conversion; of what, pre-carcinogens to active carcinogens. So probiotics are very important to prevent cancer.

And synbiotics that is a combination of oligo-fructose; oligo-fructose is a prebiotic you know and probiotic as lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei . So ‘syn’, syn word we have used for synbiotics. This is pre and this is pro. And this is synbiotic supplementation in humans. It will help to decrease the level of gut flora enzymes. If the gut flora enzyme level will be reduced, then this process will not happen. In continuation probiotics also bind or inactivate the mutagenic compounds which cause mutations. And production of anti-mutagenic compounds suppress the growth of pre-carcinogenic bacteria which cause cancer and reduce the absorption of carcinogens, and enhance the immune function. Also influence on the bile salt concentration.

And by working on all these sides, in totality we can say, they prevent cancer growth or the cancer cells growth. In another case study for the colon cancer, conducted for the colon cancer, and the 80 people have been selected for this study; who had either colon cancer or that is benign polyps. They were randomly selected and lactobacillus rhamnosus and bifidobacterium longum, these are both probiotic strain. They have been taken and their effect has been studied on the tumor growth and intestines, and fair placebo was an inactive pill. Placebo means control. Whenever we are going to do any kind of clinical trial, we have one control also for the comparison. Means in this control we have not added any kind of probiotics. So what happened after 12 weeks, the patients who received the probiotic, showed decreased  DNA damage in the lining of the colon and decreased growth of the production of the colon cells. The study has been conducted by Rafter et al. in 2007. And clinically trial has been conducted and it has been proved, and they have compared it with the control also. It happens only the patients who has been given the doses of the probiotics with these probiotic micro-organisms, that is lactobacillus rhamnosus and bifidobacterium longum.

Then role of probiotics in heart disease prevention. How heart disease can be prevented by use of the probiotics.

• They assimilate the cholesterol by the bacterial cells.
• Deconjugation of bile salts by bacterial acid hydrolyses.
• Cholestrol binding to the bacterial cell walls.
• And also reduction of hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
• And redistribution of cholesterol from plasma to liver.
• Then bacterial production of short chain fatty acids.

And earlier also we have seen that these short chain fatty acids are helpful to reduce the blood cholesterol level. So this is all about the role of the probiotics in the human beings, and in the animal studies also it is proved how useful they are, clinically even, and are able to prevent many kinds of serious diseases.

Thank You.