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Transcript

Hello, welcome back. By now we have studied the role of probiotics in prevention of various diseases like cancer, colon cancer, antibiotic associated diarrhea, regular diarrhea and other diseases. Let’s continue with some more discussion about other serious diseases. This is a case study conducted in 2007 regarding the Crohn’s disease in which 10 active Crohn’s disease patients were given bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, continuously for 4 months. Bifidobacterium and lactobacillus as a probiotic. It was found that by the end of the therapy, 7 patients had improved clinical symptoms after combined probiotic and prebiotic therapy. And it has also been reported that 6 patients had complete response. So this case study shows the beneficial effect of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus on Crohn’s disease.

Then in case of ulcerative colitis, the probiotic strain E.coli Nissle strain. It produce equally effective to Mesalazine which is an anti-inflammatory drug in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Equal effect was reported. Then probiotics have shown efficacy to introduce and maintain remission in children, and in others with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. So these probiotic strains they are equally important and equally effective as the drug suggested for ulcerative colitis. This is a case study in which probiotic strain lactobacillus acidophilus was reported and 187 patients were randomized to receive. There are 3 groups of patients, like 65 patients were given lactobacillus acidophilus , 60 patients were provided with Mesalazine alone that is the drug. And a third group, it was provided with lactobacillus acidophilus with Mesalazine, the probiotic with the drug; that has been given to the 62 patients.

Let’s see the results. And it was reported by Zocco et al in 2006, that after 12 months the treatment with lactobacillus acidophilus was more effective than the standard treatment. Standard treatment means only if we are providing the drug alone with Mesalazine in prolonging the relapse-free time. So this is about the ulcerative colitis patients report.

Till now we have discussed the role of probiotics in prevention of many diseases. Have you heard that these probiotics are also helpful in the irritable bowel syndrome. Yes they also have the health benefits or they also works in irritable bowel syndrome. What happens? Probiotics reduce or cause reduction of the intestinal gas production, and also cause the modulation of the gut microbiota. Modulation here means if the gut microbiota are less in the colon, to it will modulate by various mechanisms, various pathways and enhance the gut microbiota. And by performing these functions, will benefit the irritable bowel syndrome. Another aspect of probiotics with helicobacter pylori infection. And here the probiotics helps to produce the anti-microbial substances.

Anti-microbial substances like hydrogen peroxide, bacteriosins and other acids which has a inhibitory effect on the pathogens like helicobacter. And side by side they stimulate the mucus secretion. And probiotics also compete for the adhesion sites, and here the probiotics compete for the adhesion sites. And they go for the colonization. And when colonization takes place, their population will dominate there. And if the probiotic microbes, their population will dominated. Then the pathogens if they enter inside the body by chance, they are not able to survive. Because they create a competitive environment for the survival of the pathogens. Then probiotics also stimulate specific and non-specific immune responses, and helpful in the prevention of helicobacter pylori infection.

Here is a case study. In this case study the effect of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacteria has been checked on the frequency and duration of the antibiotic associated diarrhea during helicobacter eradication. And this study was conducted by De Vrese et al ., in 2003. Here you can say this is days per subject related to diarrhea and this is the duration. And this is the placebo, that is the control one. And  this is the treated one. Control here is that they are not provided with the lactobacillus or bifidobacterium or any kind of probiotic. And this shows that they have been provided with the probiotic. And here you can see the number of days are more approximate. 10 in case of studied person related to antibiotic associated diarrhea, but it is very less more than like less than 5 only in case of the persons provided with the probiotic. Similarly the duration was more antibiotic associated diarrhea that happens. The duration was more in case of control, who has not taken or who has not given any kind of probiotic. And here you can see that duration is very less. It is almost 2-3 days, as compared to the only we can say the 1or 2 days, as compared to the control.

Now the probiotic also plays important role in the lactose mal-absorption. And the people who are suffering from lactose intolerance, they are, they can have the probiotics, and they are very useful. Lactose intolerance, we know that the persons they have very low levels or there is no secretion of the enzyme beta-galactosidase, that is responsible or that utilize the lactose, and lactose is a milk sugar. And the lactose intolerance person, they are not able to digest milk. But they can able to digest fermented products or probiotic products. We can say probiotic dahi, probiotic yoghurt. Why because in milk lactose is present. To they are not able to digest, but what happened during fermentation. This lactose is converted to lactic acid by the micro-organisms or whatever the culture we are using. So they are not able to tolerate lactose but they can take the fermented products. They can have the fermented products because in fermented products, lactose is converted to lactic acid.

Action of the bacterial beta-galactosidase on lactose, and it will give relief, provide relief from the lactose indigestion. And the strains; probiotic strains that has been reported are streptococcus thermophiles, lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus. They improve the lactose digestion and reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Here is a case study about the mal-absorption of the lactose. And this study is also conducted by De Vrese et al., in 2001. Here the effect has been studied with the fermented milk, with the live or heat killed lactobacilli. Two groups are here with the fermented milk and the heat killed lactobacilli on lactose mal-absorption by conducting this breath H2 test. And clinical symptoms have been recorded in 10 healthy persons, who are consuming this pasteurized milk and native fermented milk.

Let’s see what happened. Here you can see that mal-digestion, in case of mal-digestion it shows the pasteurized product, they are taking the pasteurized product. Pasteurized means, here the lactobacilli or lactobacillus acidophilus; it has been killed. It is not live. And this one is the native milk or fermented one, in which we are using the lactobacilli. And you can see by this breath test, the graph shows that it is very high. And in case of probiotics it is very less comparatively. Then flatulence, the person who has taken this pasteurized milk. Pasteurized milk here there is no live microbes. They have been killed. They have almost higher lactadise, comparatively shows the higher range, as compared to the fermented or we can say the probiotics; provided with the probiotics.

Similar trend has been followed in case of pain and in case of diarrhea. The graph is high in the control. We can say the pasteurized product, the people who have taken pasteurized product and the fermented one or with the probiotic strain. And you can see in case of diarrhea, it is almost the, the person who has been provided with the this fermented milk. In case of diarrhea it is almost reported negligible. Then probiotics are also helpful or very beneficial in urogenital tract disorders. How it has contributed in the production of the anti-microbial substances. Whenever these probiotics are producing the anti-microbial substances, it may be H2O2, it may be bacteriosins, it may be some kind of acid. They always suppress the growth of the pathogens. And the purpose is only to suppress the growth or kill the pathogens, so that they can’t survive.

Another important aspect is they compete for the adhesion sites. If they compete for the adhesion sites, their population will be comparatively lower than the pathogens, and there will be a competition for the adhesion; adhesion sites and if the adhesion sites are not available for the pathogens, then they are not  able to grow. Then they compete with the pathogens with some other aspects also. And by causing all these factors, they relieve from the urogenital infections.

So we have studied the role of probiotics and case studies that has been clinically proved. That how important these probiotics are for our health and prevention of such kind of serious diseases.

Thank You.