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Transcript

Hi, Welcome back. Let’s start with a new lecture this of week. ‘Role of Functional Foods in Management of Cancer and Cardio-Vascular Diseases’. Different sources, functions of this functional foods in cancer prevention. Here you can see that this is all about these all functional compounds and functional foods. They are related to cancer prevention. By taking all this we can prevent or delay the onset of the cancer. Like alpha-carotene, beta-carotene. And everyone knows that the dietary sources of alpha-carotene are yellow, orange and dark green leafy vegetables. Beta-carotene found in green leafy vegetables, and orange, yellow; fruits and vegetables. And what the effects. In moderate dose, it enhance gap junction intra-cellular communication, and give a particular benefit.

Then come to the lycopene. That is found in tomatoes, water melon, apricot and peaches. And lycopene, I have told you have a very unique feature. It is the most potent than alpha and beta carotene in inhibiting the cell growth of various human cancer cell lines. So lycopene plays a very important role in the prevention of cancer. Then lutein, that is found in dark green leafy vegetables. And lutein is very efficient in cell cycle progression and also inhibit the growth of the number of cancer cell types. Then flavonoids that is found in plants, synthesize in plants. And they also efficient in prevention as well as in treatment of many cancers.

Cardio-vascular diseases. You know that cardio-vascular diseases include heart diseases and stroke. And if we see the data, you can see that 60% of the deaths in economically developed countries occurs due to cardio-vascular diseases. The percentage is very high, that is 60%. And the reactive oxygen species, that is ROS and pathogenesis, both acute and chronic heart diseases, as a result of cumulative oxidative stress and to minimize hypertension. And the risk includes

• Attaining and maintaining a healthy body weight.
• Consuming a diet rich in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium.
• And consuming sodium in moderation. In moderate amount or less amount.

Then potential cardio-vascular protective effects of functional foods. These are the functional foods and these are the bio-active compounds. And the potential mechanism is by lowering the blood cholesterol. Because the blood cholesterol is directly related to the cardio-vascular problems

• In nuts, tocopherols, omega-3 fatty acids are present.
• Legumes have fiber and polyphenols.
• Fruits & vegetables(fiber)
• Margarine, it contains phytosterols.
• Fish oil is very well known for the omega-3 fatty acids.
• Fiber and phytochemicals are also found in whole grains.
• Daidzeins, they are the very important soya proteins.
• And flavonoids in dark chocolates.

Another potential mechanism; second is inhibition of the low density lipoprotein oxidation. First mechanism was lowering the blood cholesterol, and second is inhibition of the LDL oxidation.

• We can say that fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Any fish like mackerel, tuna and other fishes.
• And tomato have lycopene.
• Green leafy vegetables and fruits with carotenoids.

So fish, tomato and green leafy vegetables and fruits. They have these bio-active compounds. And these bio-active compounds enable the oxidation of LDL. Here let’s see the anti-cancer effects. How it happens? If anybody have the high animal fat protein diet. It will increase the susceptibility to colon cancer, by conversion of pre-carcinogens to carcinogens by intestinal microflora. And in intestinal microflora these enzymes are present, like glycosidase, beta-glucourinidase, azoreductase and nitroreductase. Here the production of the pre-carcinogens and these enzymes converts these pre-carcinogens to active carcinogens.

By now you are aware about the carcinogens. What are carcinogens? The cancer causing things, like so pre-carcinogens, they are converted to the active carcinogens. And here the onset will take place. It will start the problem of cancer. Here the use of that is probiotic strain, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei . This example we have taken from the micro-organism based probiotic foods. And use of these both strains of lactobacillus supplemented in humans helped to reduce the levels of these enzymes. If the level of these enzymes will be reduced. Then the secretion or the generation of these carcinogens will be less and it will act or plays important role in anti-cancer effects.

Now come to case study. In this the functional food and lifestyle approaches for the functional foods were used for the lifestyle approaches for diabetes prevention and management. The conclusion. It was concluded that the regular consumption of functional foods that may be associated with

• anti-oxygen properties
• anti-inflammatory properties
• insulin sensitivity
• and anti-cancer function.

They are considered as a very important part and helpful in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Another conclusion was the fruits, vegetables, oily fish, olive oil and tree nuts, they also serve as an important or model functional food; based on their natural content of nutraceuticals. And we know that the fruit, vegetable, fish oil as polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkanoids, pigments and unsaturated fatty acids.

Then third important conclusion was polyphenol rich herbs. That is coffee, tea, green tea and black tea that we are taking. It has a very strong benefits on the metabolic and microvascular activities. Cholesterol and fasting glucose. It also lowers the fasting glucose level, and anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. And this is all about the importance of these bio-active compounds in prevention of any serious diseases like cancer and diabetes. And these bio-active compounds plays very important role. So we gain a very updated concept about the polyphenols and bio-active compounds.

Thank You