PREFACE

This is the second volume of this novel series of books that present lectures by eminent scientists arranged in the form of a text book but comprising video links. The use of such a video-book can have many advantages. Firstly the single biggest problem in providing quality education across the world is the non-availability of high quality faculty. The video-book addresses this problem by providing access to lectures by eminent scientists. Secondly if both the students and teachers study the lectures in advance, then the time in the class room can be devoted to clarifying concepts through interactive sessions between the teachers and students. Thirdly since these materials are being offered free, they can be more useful to students in developing countries where funds may be limited.

We hope that the material contained in this book, which is free,  will be widely used. We acknowledge with thanks the contributions of the scientists who have contributed these lectures.

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Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS	Syeda Sadia Khatoon
Professor Emeritus	M.Sc. Synthetic Chemist
International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences	Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology
H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry	Department Of Chemistry
University of Karachi	Karachi/Islamabad, Pakistan